Acyl sulfonamides as inhibitors of HIV integrase

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates a series of compounds of Formula I 
                 
 
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and B are as defined in the specification. The compounds are useful for the inhibition of HIV integrase and for the treatment of AIDS or ARC by administering compounds of the formula.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application 60/471,033, filed May 16, 2003.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been identified as the etiological agent responsible for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a fatal disease characterized by destruction of the immune system and the inability to fight off life threatening opportunistic infections. Recent statistics (UNAIDS: Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic, December 1998), indicate that as many as 33 million people worldwide are infected with the virus. In addition to the large number of individuals already infected, the virus continues to spread. Estimates from 1998 point to close to 6 million new infections in that year alone. In the same year there were approximately 2.5 million deaths associated with HIV and AIDS.

HIV expresses three enzymes, reverse transcriptase, an aspartyl protease and integrase, all of which are potential antiviral targets for the development of drugs for the treatment of AIDS. However, integrase stands out as being the only viral enzyme not targeted by current therapy. The integrase enzyme is responsible for insertion of the viral cDNA into the host cell genome, which is a critical step in the viral life cycle. There are a number of discrete steps involved in this process including processing of the viral cDNA by removal of two bases from each 3′-terminus and joining of the recessed ends to the host DNA. Studies have shown that in the absence of a functional integrase enzyme HIV is not infectious (Lafemina, R. L.; Schneider, C. L.; Robbins, H. L.; Callahan, P. L.; LeGrow, K.; Roth, E.; Emini, E. A. J. Virol. 1992, 66, 7414-7419 and Englund, G.; Theodore, T. S.; Freed, E.; Engelman, A.; Martin, M. A. J. Virol. 1995, 69, 3216-3219). Therefore, an inhibitor of integrase would be useful as a therapy for AIDS and HIV infection.

There are currently a number of antiviral drugs available to combat the infection. These drugs can be divided into three classes based on the viral protein they target and their mode of action. In particular, saquinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, nelfinavir and amprenavir are competitive inhibitors of the aspartyl protease expressed by HIV. Zidovudine, didanosine, stavudine, lamivudine, zalcitabine and abacavir are nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors that behave as substrate mimics to halt viral cDNA synthesis. The non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nevaripine, delavaridine and efavirenz inhibit the synthesis of viral cDNA via a non-competitive (or uncompetitive) mechanism. Used alone these drugs are effective in reducing viral replication. The effect is only temporary as the virus readily develops resistance to all known agents. However, combination therapy has proven very effective at both reducing virus and suppressing the emergence of resistance in a number of patients. In the US, where combination therapy is widely available, the number of HIV-related deaths has declined (Palella, F. J.; Delany, K. M.; Moorman, A. C.; Loveless, M. O.; Further, J.; Satten, G. A.; Aschman, D. J.; Holmberg, S. D. N. Engl. J. Med. 1998, 338, 853-860).

Unfortunately, not all patients are responsive and a large number fail this therapy. In fact, approximately 30-50% of patients ultimately fail combination therapy. Treatment failure in most cases is caused by the emergence of viral resistance. Viral resistance in turn is caused by the rapid turnover of HIV-1 during the course of infection combined with a high viral mutation rate. Under these circumstances incomplete viral suppression caused by insufficient drug potency, poor compliance to the complicated drug regiment as well as intrinsic pharmacological barriers to exposure provides fertile ground for resistance to emerge. More disturbing are recent findings which suggest that low-level replication continues even when viral plasma levels have dropped below detectable levels (<50 copies/ml) (Carpenter, C. C.; Cooper, D. A.; Fischl, M. A.; Gatell, J. M.; Gazzard, B. G.; Hammer, S. M.; Hirsch, M. S.; Jacobsen, D. M.; Katzenstein, D. A.; Montaner, J. S.; Richman, D. D.; Saag, M. S.; Schechter, M.; Schooley, R. T.; Thompson, M. A.; Vella, S.; Yeni, P. G.; Volberding, P. A. JAMA 2000, 283, 381-390). Clearly there is a need for new antiviral agents, preferably targeting other viral enzymes to reduce the rate of resistance and suppress viral replication even further.

Diketoacid and related HIV integrase inhibitors have been reported: Neamati, N. Expert Opin. Ther. Patents, 2002, 12 (5), 709-724; Walker et al. US patent application 2002/0027847; Katoh PCT application WO 03/016266. Nothing in these references teaches or suggests the novel compounds of this invention or their use as HIV integrase inhibitors.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

The present invention relates to compounds of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or prodrugs thereof

wherein R¹, R², R³, and B are defined below. These compounds function as inhibitors of HIV integrase. The present invention also includes pharmaceutical compositions useful for inhibiting HIV integrase or for treating patients infected with the HIV virus or suffering from AIDS or ARC (AIDS related complex), which comprises a therapeutically effective amount of one or more compounds of Formula I, including pharmaceutical acceptable salts, solvates or prodrugs thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The present invention also relates to a method of inhibiting HIV integrase by administering to a patient an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

The present invention further relates to a method of treating patients infected by the HIV virus, or of treating AIDS or ARC, by administering to the patient an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

The present invention further relates to a method of treating patients infected by the HIV virus, or of treating AIDS or ARC, by administering to the patient an effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof in conjunction with other known HIV or AIDS compounds.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to compounds of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or prodrugs thereof

wherein:

-   R¹ is     -   -phenyl, or     -   —C₁-C₆ alkyl-phenyl;     -   wherein phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 R⁴; -   R² is     -   —H,     -   —C₁-C₆ alkyl,     -   -phenyl, or     -   —C₁-C₆ alkyl phenyl;     -   wherein phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 R⁴; -   R³ is     -   —H,     -   —C₁-C₆ alkyl, or     -   —O—C₁-C₆ alkyl; -   Each R⁴ is independently selected from     -   -halo,     -   —C₁-C₆ alkyl,     -   —C₁-C₆ haloalkyl,     -   —OR⁵, or     -   —CO₂R⁵; -   Each R⁵ is independently selected from     -   —H or     -   —C₁-C₆ alkyl; -   B is selected from the group consisting of -   R⁶ is     -   —C₁-C₆ alkyl;     -   —C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl;     -   1-(C₁-C₃)alkylcyclopropyl;     -   1-benzylcyclopropyl;     -   -tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxoide;     -   -phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2 substituents         selected from halo, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, —C₁-C₆ alkoxy, —C₁-C₆         carboalkoxy, —C₁-C₆ alkylamido, and         N-[[(1-ethyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]carboxamido; or     -   -heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl,         furanyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl,         oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, oxathiazolyl,         oxathiazolyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl,         benzthiazolyl, thienyl, and pyrazolylthienyl moieties         unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2 substituents selected from         halo, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, —C₁-C₂ perhaloalkyl, —C₁-C₆ alkoxy, —C₁-C₆         carboalkoxy, and —C₁-C₆ alkylamido.

In the present invention, unless otherwise specified the following definitions apply.

The numbers in the subscript after the symbol “C” define the number of carbon atoms a particular group can contain. For example, “C₁-C₆” means a substituent containing from one to six carbon atoms.

As used herein, the term “alkyl” means a saturated, straight chain or branched monovalent hydrocarbon radical having the stated number of carbon atoms. Examples of such alkyl radicals include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl and, where indicated, higher homologues and isomers such as n-pentyl, n-hexyl, 2-methylpentyl and the like. Haloalkyl refers to an alkyl radical that is substituted with one or more halo radicals, such as trifluoromethyl. Perhaloalkyl refers to an alkyl radical maximally substituted with halo radicals. For example, perfluoroethyl is pentafluoroethyl.

As used herein, the term “cycloalkyl” means a non-aromatic 3-6 membered ring. Examples include, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl.

“Halo” means chloro, bromo, iodo or fluoro.

“Aryl” means an aromatic hydrocarbon having from six to ten carbon atoms; examples include phenyl and napthyl, indenyl, and azulenyl.

The term “heterocycle” refers to a monocyclic saturated heterocyclic nuclei having 3-6 atoms containing 1-3 heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Heterocycles include, for example, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, pyrrolidinyl, thiazinyl and morpholinyl.

“Heteroaryl” means a five- or six-membered aromatic ring containing at least one and up to four non-carbon atoms selected from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen. Examples of heteroaryl include 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, pyrazinyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl and 1,3,5-trithianyl.

The invention includes all pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms of the instant compounds. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are those in which the counter ions do not contribute significantly to the physiological activity or toxicity of the compounds and as such function as pharmacological equivalents. In many instances, salts have physical properties that make them desirable for formulation, such as solubility or crystallinity. The salts can be made according to common organic techniques employing commercially available reagents. Suitable anionic salt forms include acetate, acistrate, besylate, bromide, chloride, citrate, fumarate, glucouronate, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroiodide, iodide, lactate, maleate, mesylate, nitrate, pamoate, phosphate, succinate, sulfate, tartrate, tosylate, and xinofoate. Suitable cationic salt forms include ammonium, aluminum, benzathine, bismuth, calcium, choline, diethylamine, diethanolamine, lithium, magnesium, meglumine, 4-phenylcyclohexylamine, piperazine, potassium, sodium, tromethamine, and zinc.

The invention also includes all solvated forms of the instant compounds, including hydrates. Solvates do not contribute significantly to the physiological activity or toxicity of the compounds and as such function as pharmacological equivalents. Solvates may form in stoichiometric amounts or may form with adventitious solvent or a combination of both. Some hydrated forms include monohydrate, hemihydrate, and dihydrate.

Certain compounds of Formula I may contain one or more chiral centers and exist in different optically active forms. When compounds of Formula I contain one chiral center, the compounds exist in two enantiomeric forms. The present invention includes both enantiomers and mixtures of enantiomers such as racemic mixtures. The enantiomers may be resolved by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example, by formation of diastereoisomeric salts which may be separated by crystallization, gas-liquid or liquid chromatography, selective reaction of one enantiomer with an enantiomer-specific reagent. It will be appreciated that where the desired enantiomer is converted into another chemical entity by a separation technique, then an additional step is required to form the desired enantiomeric form. Alternatively, specific enantiomers may be synthesized by asymmetric synthesis using optically active reagents, substrates, catalysts or solvents, or by converting one enantiomer into the other by asymmetric transformation.

The compounds of this invention can also exist as tautomers, as shown below; therefore the present invention also includes all tautomeric forms.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” means the total amount of each active component that is sufficient to show a meaningful benefit to the patient, e.g., halting or regression of the infection or slowing of the rate of infection. The term includes both single ingredients and combinations and the manner in which the components are administered.

The term “patient” includes humans as well as other mammals.

One aspect of the present invention is a compound of formula I wherein R¹ is phenyl substituted with 1-3 R⁴ and R² is hydrogen.

Another aspect of the present invention is a compound of formula I wherein R¹ is —(CH₂)₂-phenyl where phenyl is substituted with 1-3 R⁴, and R² is hydrogen.

Another aspect of the present invention is a compound of formula I wherein R⁶ is —C₁-C₆ alkyl or —C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl.

Another aspect of the present invention is a compound of formula I wherein R⁶ is -phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2 substituents selected from halo, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, —C₁-C₆ alkoxy, —C₁-C₆ carboalkoxy, —C₁-C₆ alkylamido, and N-[(1-ethyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]carboxamido.

Another aspect of the present invention is a compound of formula I wherein R⁶ is heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, oxathiazolyl, oxathiazolyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, thienyl, and pyrazolylthienyl moieties unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2 substituents selected from halo, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, —C₁-C₂ perhaloalkyl, —C₁-C₆ alkoxy, —C₁-C₆ carboalkoxy, and —C₁-C₆ alkylamido.

Some compounds of the invention include the following:

-   3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-4-(toluene-4-sulfonylamino)-but-2-enoic acid     (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid     (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   4-(5-Acetylamino-[1,3,4]thiadiazole-2-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic     acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   4-Cyclobutylmethanesulfonylamino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid     (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   4-Cyclohexanesulfonylamino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid     (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   4-Cyclopentanesulfonylamino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid     (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   4-Cyclopropanesulfonylamino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid     (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   4-(3,5-Dimethyl-isoxazole-4-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic     acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   3-Hydroxy-4-(6-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonylamino)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic     acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   4-(5-Chloro-thiophene-2-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic     acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   4-(4-Acetylamino-benzenesulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic     acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   4-(6-Ethoxy-benzothiazole-2-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic     acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   4-(2,4-Dimethyl-thiazole-5-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic     acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   3-Hydroxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonylamino)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic     acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   N-(1-Ethyl-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)-5-{3-[(4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-carbamoyl]-2-hydroxy-acryloylsulfamoyl}-2-methoxy-benz     amide; -   4-(1,1-Dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophene-3-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic     acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   3-Hydroxy-4-[5-(1-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-thiophene-2-sulfonylamino]-4-oxo-but-2-enoic     acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-4-(1-propyl-cyclopropanesulfonylamino)-but-2-enoic     acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   4-(1-Cyclopropylmethyl-cyclopropanesulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic     acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   4-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropanesulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic     acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid     (4-fluoro-3-methyl-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid     (2-isopropoxy-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid     (3-fluoro-4-methyl-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic     acid[1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-methoxy-amide; -   3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid     (2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; -   3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid     [1-(4-chloro-benzyl)-2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-ethyl]-methyl-amide; and -   3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid     [3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-propyl]-methoxy-amide.

General methods useful for the synthesis of compounds embodied in this invention are shown below. The preparations shown below are disclosed for the purpose of illustration and are not meant to be interpreted as limiting the processes to make the compounds by any other methods.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that a number of methods are available for the preparation of the compounds of the present invention as provided by Formula I. A compound of Formula I may be prepared by processes which include processes known in the chemical art for the production of structurally analogous compounds or by a novel process described herein. It will be recognized that it may be preferred or necessary to prepare a compound of Formula I in which a functional group is protected using a conventional protecting group, and then to remove the protecting group to provide the compound of Formula I.

Thus, there is provided a process for preparing a compound of Formula I (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof) as provided in any of the above descriptions or described in the examples, including the following.

The compounds of the present invention can be synthesized according to the scheme shown below. In scheme 1, amine 1-1 can be coupled with intermediate 1-2A or 1-2B using standard amide bond forming conditions and reagents such as those described in Jerry March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3^(rd) edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1985 to generate intermediate amide 1-3. Intermediate 1-3 can be reacted with the sulfonamide 1-5 under basic conditions such as sodium hydride (NaH) or 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) to produce compounds of Formula I. Alternatively 1-3 can be hydrolyzed with NaOH or under similar conditions known to effect ester hydrolysis. The resulting intermediate, 1-4, can then be coupled to 1-5 using standard amide bond forming reagents such as those referenced in Pelletier, J. C; Hesson, D. P. Synlett (1995) 11, 1141-1142.

The compounds of Formula I demonstrate inhibition of HIV integrase as described in the specific embodiments section. Inhibition of HIV integrase can arrest or impede HIV infection. Therefore, the compounds of Formula I are useful for the the prevention or treatment of HIV infection and the treatment of consequent pathological conditions such as AIDS or ARC.

These therapeutic treatments generally employ pharmaceutical compositions. A pharmaceutical composition of the present invention comprises a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent. A therapeutically effective amount is the amount which produces a meaningful patient benefit. By “pharmaceutically acceptable” it is meant that the carrier, diluent or excipient is compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation and not deleterious to the recipient.

The present pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared by well known procedures using readily available ingredients. The compositions of this invention may be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the compound of the invention, and optionally other active ingredients, after administration to the patient by employing procedures well known in the art. In making the compositions of the present invention, the active ingredients will usually be admixed with a carrier, or diluted by a carrier, or enclosed within a carrier which may be in the form of a capsule, sachet, paper or other container. When the carrier serves as a diluent, it may be a solid, semi-solid or liquid material which acts as a vehicle, excipient or medium for the active ingredient. Thus, the compositions can be in the form of tablets, pills, powders, beadlets, lozenges, sachets, elixirs, suspensions, emulsions, solutions, syrups, aerosols, (as a solid or in a liquid medium), soft and hard gelatin capsules, suppositories, sterile injectable solutions, sterile packaged powders and the like.

For oral administration, the compound is typically formulated with excipients such as binders, fillers, lubricants, extenders, diluents, disintegration agents and the like as are known in the art.

For parenteral administration, the compound is typically formulated in pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic, parenterally-acceptable diluents or solvents, such as mannitol, 1,3-butanediol, water, 5 percent dextrose, Ringer's solution or isotonic sodium chloride solution, or suitable dispersing or wetting and suspending agents, such as sterile, bland, fixed oils, including synthetic mono- or diglycerides, and fatty acids, including oleic acid.

Typically, a compound of the present invention, or a salt, solvate, or prodrug thereof, can be formulated in unit dosage formulations comprising a dose between about 0.1 mg and about 1000 mg, or more, according to the particular treatment involved. An example of a unit dosage formulation comprises 5 mg of a compound of the present invention in a 10 mL sterile glass ampoule. Another example of a unit dosage formulation comprises about 10 mg of a compound of the present invention as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt in 20 mL of isotonic saline contained in a sterile ampoule.

The treatment involves administering to a mammal in need of such treatment, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof. Preferably, the compound is administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that reference herein to treatment extends to prophylaxis as well as the treatment of established infections or symptoms. This includes initiating treatment pre- and post-exposure to the virus.

The compounds of the present invention may be administered orally, parenterally (including subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular, intrasternal injection or infusion techniques), by inhalation spray or rectally, in dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles.

When administered to humans, the compounds of the present invention are typically administered in a dosage range of 1 to 1000 mg/kg body weight in divided doses. One preferred dosage range is 1 to 200 mg/kg body weight orally in divided doses. It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level and frequency of dosage for any particular patient may be varied and will depend upon sound medical judgement.

In addition, the present invention can be administered in conjunction with other treatments for HIV, for example, HIV protease inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV-entry inhibitors, immunomodulators, antiinfectives, and vaccines.

Table 1 lists some agents useful in treating AIDS and HIV infection which are suitable for this invention.

TABLE 1 Drug Name Manufacturer Indication ANTIVIRALS 097 Hoechst/Bayer HIV infection, AIDS, (non-nucleoside ARC reverse transcriptase inhibitor) Amprenavir Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS, 141 W94 ARC GW 141 (protease inhibitor) Abacavir (1592U89) Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS, GW 1592 ARC (RT inhibitor) Acemannan Carrington Labs ARC (Irving, TX) Acyclovir Burroughs Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS, ARC, in combination with AZT AD-439 Tanox Biosystems HIV infection, AIDS, ARC AD-519 Tanox Biosystems HIV infection, AIDS, ARC Adefovir dipivoxil Gilead Sciences HIV infection, ARC, AL-721 Ethigen PGL HIV positive, (Los Angeles, CA) AIDS Alpha Interferon Glaxo Wellcome Kaposi's sarcoma HIV in combination w/Retrovir Ansamycin Adria Laboratories ARC LM 427 (Dublin, OH) Erbamont (Stamford, CT) Antibody which Advanced Biotherapy AIDS, ARC Neutralizes pH Concepts Labile alpha aberrant (Rockville, MD) Interferon AR177 Aronex Pharm HIV infection, AIDS, ARC Beta-fluoro-ddA Nat'l Cancer Institute AIDS-associated diseases BMS-232623 Bristol-Myers Squibb/ HIV infection, AIDS, (CGP-73547) Novartis ARC (protease inhibitor) BMS-234475 Bristol-Myers Squibb/ HIV infection, AIDS, (CGP-61755) Novartis ARC (protease inhibitor) CI-1012 Warner-Lambert HIV-1 infection Cidofovir Gilead Science CMV retinitis, herpes, papillomavirus Curdlan sulfate AJI Pharma USA HIV infection Cytomegalovirus MedImmune CMV retinitis Immune globin Cytovene Syntex Sight threatening Ganciclovir CMV peripheral, CMV retinitis Delaviridine Pharmacia-Upjohn HIV infection, AIDS, (RT inhibitor) ARC Dextran Sulfate Ueno Fine Chem. AIDS, ARC, HIV Ind. Ltd. (Osaka, positive Japan) asymptomatic ddC Hoffman-La-Roche HIV infection, AIDS, Dideoxycytidine ARC ddI Bristol-Myers Squibb HIV infection, AIDS, Dideoxyinosine ARC; combinationwith AZT/d4T DMP-450 AVID HIV infection, AIDS, (protease inhibitor) (Camden, NJ) ARC Efavirenz DuPont Merck HIV infection, AIDS, (DMP 266) ARC (-)6-Chloro-4-(S)- cyclopropylethynyl- 4(S)-trifluoro- methyl-1,4-dihydro- 2H-3,1-benzoxazin- 2-one, STOCRINE (non-nucleoside RT inhibitor) EL10 Elan Corp, PLC HIV infection (Gainesville, GA) Famciclovir Smith Kline herpes zoster, herpes simplex FTC Emory University HIV infection, AIDS, (reverse transcriptase ARC inhibitor) GS 840 Gilead HIV infection, AIDS, (reverse transcriptase ARC inhibitor) HBY097 Hoechst Marion HIV infection, AIDS, (non-nucleoside Roussel ARC reverse transcriptase inhibitor) Hypericin VIMRx Pharm. HIV infection, AIDS, ARC Recombinant Human Triton Biosciences AIDS, Kaposi's Interferon Beta (Almeda, CA) sarcoma, ARC Interferon alfa-n3 Interferon Sciences ARC, AIDS Indinavir Merck HIV infection, AIDS, ARC, asymptomatic HIV positive, also in combination with AZT/ddI/ddC ISIS 2922 ISIS Pharmaceuticals CMV retinitis KNI-272 Nat'l Cancer Institute HIV-associated diseases Lamivudine, 3TC Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS, (reverse transcriptase ARC, also with AZT inhibitor) Lobucavir Bristol-Myers Squibb CMV infection Nelfinavir Agouron HIV infection, AIDS, (protease inhibitor) Pharmaceuticals ARC Nevirapine Boeheringer HIV infection, AIDS, (RT inhibitor) Ingleheim ARC Novapren Novaferon Labs, Inc. HIV inhibitor (Akron, OH) Peptide T Peninsula Labs AIDS Octapeptide (Belmont, CA) Sequence Trisodium Astra Pharm. CMV retinitis, HIV Phosphonoformate Products, Inc. infection, other CMV infections PNU-140690 Pharmacia Upjohn HIV infection, AIDS, (protease inhibitor) ARC Probucol Vyrex HIV infection, AIDS RBC-CD4 Sheffield Med. HIV infection, AIDS, Tech (Houston, TX) ARC Ritonavir Abbott HIV infection, AIDS, (protease inhibitor) ARC Saquinavir Hoffmann- HIV infection, AIDS, (protease inhibitor) LaRoche ARC Stavudine; d4T Bristol-Myers Squibb HIV infection, AIDS, Didehydrodeoxy- ARC thymidine Valaciclovir Glaxo Wellcome Genital HSV & CMVinfections Virazole Viratek/ICN asymptomatic HIV- Ribavirin (Costa Mesa, CA) positive, LAS, ARC VX-478 Vertex HIV infection, AIDS, ARC Zalcitabine Hoffmann-LaRoche HIV infection, AIDS, ARC, with AZT Zidovudine; AZT Glaxo Wellcome HIV infection, AIDS, ARC, Kaposi's sarcoma, in combination with other therapies Tenofovir disoproxil, Gilead HIV infection, AIDS fumarate salt (Viread ®) (reverse transcriptase inhibitor) Combivir ® GSK HIV infection, AIDS (reverse transcriptase inhibitor) abacavir succinate GSK HIV infection, AIDS (or Ziagen ®) (reverse transcriptase inhibitor) Reyataz ® Bristol-Myers Squibb HIV infection, AIDS (atazanavir) Fuzeon Roche/Trimeris HIV infection, AIDS, (Enfuvirtide, T-20) viral fusion inhibitor Trizivir ® HIV infection, AIDS Kaletra ® Abbott HIV infection, AIDS, ARC IMMUNOMODULATORS AS-101 Wyeth-Ayerst AIDS Bropirimine Pharmacia Upjohn Advanced AIDS Acemannan Carrington Labs, Inc. 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DESCRIPTION OF SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

The specific examples that follow illustrate the syntheses of the compounds of the instant invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in sphere or scope. The methods may be adapted to variations in order to produce compounds embraced by this invention but not specifically disclosed. Further, variations of the methods to produce the same compounds in somewhat different manner will also be evident to one skilled in the art.

In the following experimental procedures, all temperatures are understood to be in Centigrade (° C.) when not specified. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral characteristics refer to chemical shifts (δ) expressed in parts per million (ppm) versus tetramethylsilane (TMS) as reference standard. The relative area reported for the various shifts in the proton NMR spectral data corresponds to the number of hydrogen atoms of a particular functional type in the molecule. The nature of the shifts as to multiplicity is reported as broad singlet (bs or br s), broad doublet (bd or br d), broad triplet (bt or br t), broad quartet (bq or br q), singlet (s), multiplet (m), doublet (d), quartet (q), triplet (t), doublet of doublet (dd), doublet of triplet (dt), and doublet of quartet (dq). The solvents employed for taking NMR spectra are acetone-d₆ (deuterated acetone), DMSO-d₆ (perdeuterodimethylsulfoxide), D₂O (deuterated water), CDCl₃ (deuterochloroform) and other conventional deuterated solvents. The abbreviations used herein are American Chemical Society (ACS) or conventional abbreviations widely employed in the art. Some of which are: calcd (calculated); DMSO (dimethylsulfoxide); EtOAc (ethyl acetate); HPLC (high-pressure liquid chromatography); LC/MS (liquid chromatography, mass spectroscopy); LDA (lithium diisopropyl amide); LiHMDS (lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide); SiO₂ (silica gel); THF (tetrahydrofuran), TFA (trifluoroacetic acid), Me (methyl), Et (ethyl), Ph (phenyl), tBuOK (potassium tert-butoxide), NaOMe (sodium methoxide), NaOEt (sodium ethoxide), Boc (tert-butoxycarbonyl), and DEAD (diethylazo dicarboxylate).

The specific examples that follow illustrate the syntheses of the compounds of the instant invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in sphere or scope. The methods may be adapted to variations in order to produce compounds embraced by this invention but not specifically disclosed. Further, variations of the methods to produce the same compounds in somewhat different manner will also be evident to one skilled in the art.

In the following experimental procedures, all temperatures are understood to be in Centigrade (C) when not specified. The nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral characteristics refer to chemical shifts (δ) expressed in parts per million (ppm) versus tetramethylsilane (TMS) as reference standard. The relative area reported for the various shifts in the proton NMR spectral data corresponds to the number of hydrogen atoms of a particular functional type in the molecule. The nature of the shifts as to multiplicity is reported as broad singlet (bs or br s), broad doublet (bd or br d), broad triplet (bt or br t), broad quartet (bq or br q), singlet (s), multiplet (m), doublet (d), quartet (q), triplet (t), doublet of doublet (dd), doublet of triplet (dt), and doublet of quartet (dq). The solvents employed for taking NMR spectra are acetone-d₆ (deuterated acetone), DMSO-d₆ (perdeuterodimethylsulfoxide), D₂O (deuterated water), CDCl₃ (deuterochloroform) and other conventional deuterated solvents.

Preparation of (2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetic acid Method A (S)-(+)-2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-acetic acid, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl ester

A solution of (S)-(+)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-acetic acid (2.08 g, 11.9 mmol) in dry dichloromethane (20 ml) was treated with triethylamine (1.83 ml, 13.1 mmol) followed by a solution of t-butylchlorodiphenylsilane (3.44 g, 12.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 ml) added dropwise over 5 minutes. After 3 hours at 22° C., the reaction mixture was diluted with toluene (250 ml) washed with water, saturated sodium bicarbonate, brine and dried over magnesium sulfate. Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure and chromatography of the residue on silica gel (4×12 cm) using a mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate (0-2%) as eluent gave 4.90 g (99% yield) of the title material as a clear oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.13 (s, 9), 1.58 (s, 3), 3.05 (m, 2), 4.79 (dd, 1, J=4, 7), 7.4-7.8 (m, 10).

4-Bromo-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-acetic acid, tert-butlydiphenylsilyl ester

A solution of (S)-(+)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-acetic acid, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl ester (21.65 g, 52.4 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (160 ml) was treated with N-bromosuccinimide (9.35 g, 52.4 mmol) and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (200 mg) and the resulting mixture was heated under reflux (bath temperature 85° C.) while irradiating with a 500 watt lamp. After 10 minutes, the reaction mixture was cooled and the succinimide was filtered. The solvent was evaporated under vacuum to give the title bromide as a light yellow oil (˜26 g) which was used immediately for the next step. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.12 (s, 9), 1.41 (s, 3), 1.80 (s, 3), 3.80 (m, 2), 7.3-7.7 (m, 10).

(Z)-2,2-Dimethyl-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxycarbonyl-methylene)-1,3-dioxolan-4-one

A solution of 4-bromo-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-acetic acid, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl ester (˜26 g, 52.4 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (160 ml) was cooled to 0° C. and treated dropwise over 5 minutes with 1,8-diazabicyclo [5,4,0] undec-7-ene (12.7 g, 78.8 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 5° C. for 1.5 hour. The solid formed was filtered and washed with a small amount of tetrahydrofuran. The filtrate was used as such for the next step.

Alternatively, the reaction mixture can be diluted with toluene, washed with water, saturated sodium bicarbonate, brine and dried (magnesium sulfate). Evaporation of the solvent gave an oil which was chromatographed on silica gel using a mixture of toluene and ethyl acetate (0-2%) as eluent. The title ester was obtained as an oil in 30-50% yield.

¹HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.16 (s, 9), 1.76 (s, 6), 5.97 (s, 1), 7.4-7.8 (m, 10).

(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetic acid

A solution of pure (Z)-2,2 dimethyl-5-(t-butyldiphenylsilyloxycarbonylmethylene)-1,3-dioxolan-4-one (2.80 g, 6.82 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (40 ml) was treated at 22° C. with acetic acid (2 ml) followed by 6.8 ml of a 1 M solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran. After 15 minutes at 22° C., the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water, brine and dried (magnesium sulfate). The solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was triturated with toluene to give 1.00 g (85% yield) of the title compound as a white crystalline material: mp 203-204° C. (dec.). IR (KBr) v max (cm⁻¹): 1805, 1707 and 1662. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.78 (s, 6), 5.89 (s, 1). Anal. calcd for C₇H₈₀₅: C, 48.84; H, 4.68; Found: C, 48.84; H, 4.65.

Preparation of (2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetic acid from crude (Z)-2,2-dimethyl-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxycarbonyl methylene)-1,3-dioxolan-4-one

A solution of the crude (Z)-2,2-dimethyl-5-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxycarbonyl methylene)-1,3-dioxolan-4-one (52.4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (200 ml) was treated with acetic acid (13 ml) followed with 50 ml of a 1 M solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran. After 15 minutes at 22° C., the reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. Trituration of the residue with toluene gave 6.3 g (70% yield for three steps) of the title material as a white solid (>95% pure by ¹HNMR).

Method B (+)-2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-acetic acid, tert-butyldimethylsilyl ester

A solution of (S)-(+)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-acetic acid (13.20 g, 75.8 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (25 ml) was treated at 22° C. with imidazole (10.56 g, 0.155 mmol) followed by tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (12.0 g, 79.6 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 22° C. for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with toluene (500 ml), washed with water (3 times), saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine. After drying (magnesium sulfate), the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Distillation under vacuum gave 20.9 g (96% yield) of the title material as a clear oil: Bp 80-90° C./0.1 torr (bulb to bulb distillation, air bath temperature). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.33 (s, 3), 0.36 (s, 3), 1.00 (s, 9), 1.11 (s, 3), 1.37 (s, 3), 2.72 (m, 2), 4.35 (dd, 1, J=4, 6).

4-Bromo-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-acetic acid, tert-butyldimethylsilyl ester

A solution of (S)-(+)-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,3-dioxolane4-acetic acid, t-butyldimethylsilyl ester (20.9 g, 72.4 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (200 ml) was treated with N-bromosuccinimide (14.18 g, 79.6 mmol) and 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (0.30 g) and the resulting mixture was heated under reflux while irradiating with a 500 W lamp. After ˜5 minutes, a mild exothermic reaction was observed and the mixture was heated for an additional 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was then cooled in an ice bath and the floating succinimide was filtered and washed with a small amount of carbon tetrachloride. The filtrate was used immediately as such for the next step. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.27 (s, 3), 0.28 (s, 3), 0.94 (s, 9), 1.66 (s, 3), 1.84 (s, 3), 3.62 (m, 2).

(Z)-2,2-Dimethyl-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxycarbonyl-methylene)-1,3-dioxolane

The solution of crude 4-bromo-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-1,3-dioxolane-4-acetic acid, tert-butyldimethylsilyl ester (72.4 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (˜220 ml) was cooled to 0-5° C. and treated dropwise over 10 minutes and under good stirring with a solution of 1,8-diazabicyclo (5,4,0) undec-7-ene (12.1 g, 79.6 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (125 ml). A heavy precipitate was formed which gradually became a granular solid. After 1 h, the solid obtained was filtered and washed with a small amount of tetrahydrofuran. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a light orange oil which was used as such for the next step.

(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetic acid

The crude (Z)-2,2-dimethyl-5-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxycarbonylmethylene)-1,3-dioxolan-4-one (72.4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) was treated at 22° C. with acetic acid (13 ml, 0.227 mmol) followed by 73 ml (73.0 mmol) of a 1M solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride in tetrahydrofuran. After 1 h at 22° C., the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (500 ml), washed with water, brine and dried (anhydrous magnesium sulfate). Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure and trituration of the residual solid with toluene (50 ml) gave 7.70 g (62% yield for 3 steps) of the title Z-isomer as a white crystalline solid. Concentration of the mother liquors yielded another 0.2 g of a 75:25 mixture of Z and E isomers. Z-Isomer; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.78 (s, 3), 5.89 (s, 1). E-Isomer: ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.80 (s, 3), 6.03 (s, 1).

Preparation of (2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetyl chloride

A mixture of (2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetic acid (0.50 g, 2.9 mmol) in dry dichloromethane (10 ml) was treated at 22° C. with oxalyl chloride (0.5 ml, 5.8 mmol) followed by a trace (capillary) of N,N-dimethylformamide. After 1 h at 22° C., the clear solution was concentrated in vacuo to give 0.55 g (quantitative) of the title acid chloride as a white crystalline solid.

Preparation of 4-Fluoro-benzaldehyde O-methyl-oxime

A solution of O-methyl-hydroxylamine, hydrochloride (13.4 g, 0.16 mol) in a mixture of water (150 ml) and tetrahydrofuran (50 ml) was treated with sodium acetate (11.2 g, 0.136 mol) followed by 4-fluorobenzaldehyde (11.57 g, 93.2 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 22° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was then diluted with ether, washed with brine and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure gave 14.3 g of the crude title material as a clear oil which was used as such for the next step. Distillation of an aliquot in vacuo gave a clear oil; bp 45-50° C./0.5 torr. ¹H NMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 3.99 (3H, s), 7.09 (2H, m), 7.6 (2H, m), 8.06 (1H, s).

Preparation of N-(4-Fluoro-benzyl)-O-methyl-hydroxylamine

A solution of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde-O-methyloxime (93.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (150 ml) was treated with sodium cyanoborohydride (9.18 g, 0.146 mol) followed by 120 ml of 2 N hydrochloric acid in methanol added dropwise over 30 minutes. After 96 h at 22° C., the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was slurried with water and adjusted to pH 9 with 2 N aqueous sodium hydroxide. The aqueous phase was extracted twice with dichloromethane and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (magnesium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual oil was chromatographed on silica gel (elution, toluene-ethyl acetate 0-10%) and gave 5.92 g (41% yield) of the title amine as a clear oil. ¹H NMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 3.49 (3H, s), 4.01 (2H, s), 5.69 (1H, broad s), 7.01 (2H, m), 7.31 (2H, m). The hydrochloride salt was obtained as a white solid: mp 170-171° C. Anal. calcd for C₈H₁₀FNO—HCl: C, 50.14; H, 5.78; N, 7.31. Found: C, 50.31; H, 5.80; N, 7.26

In an alternative procedure a solution of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde O-methyloxime (0.82 g, 5.35 mmol) in acetic acid (8 ml) was treated at 10° C. with sodium cyanoborohydride (0.67 g, 10.7 mmol) added in small portions over 10 min and the resulting solution was stirred at 25° C. for 18 h. The solvent was evaporated under reduce pressure (co-evaporation with toluene twice) and the residue was slurried with water and the pH was adjusted to 9 with 2 N aqueous sodium hydroxide. The aqueous phase was extracted twice with ether and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried (magnesium sulfate) and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual oil was chromatographed on silica gel (elution hexane-ethyl acetate, 8:2) and distilled in vacuo to give 0.62 g (75% yield) of the title amine as a clear oil.

Preparation of 2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide

A solution of (2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetyl chloride, Compound 1-B, (2.45 g, 12.9 mmol) in dichloromethane (15 ml) was added dropwise over 10 minutes to a cold (0-5° C.) mixture of N-4-fluorobenzyl-O-methyl-hydroxylamine (2.0 g, 12.9 mmol) and pyridine (2.1 ml, 25.7 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 ml). The cooling bath was then removed and the solution was stirred at 22° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was then quenched by the addition of water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed successively with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, saturated sodium bicarbonate, brine and dried (magnesium sulfate). Evaporation of the solvent and chromatography of the residue on silica gel (toluene-ethyl acetate, 8:2) gave 3.72 g (93% yield) of the title amide as white crystals: mp 111° C. (ethyl acetate-hexane). ¹H NMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 1.75 (6H, s), 3.68 (3H, s), 4.79 (2H, s), 6.38 (1H, s), 7.0 (2H, m), 7.34 (2H, m). Anal. calcd for C₁₅H₁₆FNO₅: C, 58.25; H, 5.21; N, 4.52. Found: C, 58.33; H, 5.38; N, 4.51.

EXAMPLE 1 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-4-(toluene-4-sulfonylamino)-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide (309 mg, 1 mmol) and toluene-4-sulfonamide (171 mg, 1 mmol) were dissolved in 2 mL of THF. To this was added 40 mg of NaH (60% dispersion in mineral oil) and the resulting mixture stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched with 1N HCl and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and solvent removed to yield an oily solid. The product was triturated with MeOH to yield 80 mg solid (19% yield). HRMS (M−H) calcd for C₁₉H₁₈FN₂O₆S: 412.0870. Found: 421.0876. Anal calcd for C₁₉H₁₉FN₂O₆S: C, 54.02; H, 4.53; N, 6.63. Found: C, 54.07; H, 4.51; N, 6.51. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 2.44 (s, 3), 3.64 (s, 3), 4.76 (s, 2), 6.45 (s, 1), 7.03 (m, 2), 7.25 (m, 2), 7.35 (d, 2, J=8), 8.00 (d, 2, J=8), 9.11 (s, 1). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 21.68, 48.21, 63.07, 92.21, 115.67, 115.84, 128.70, 129.64, 130.18, 131.01, 135.14, 145.55, 158.85, 159.30, 161.60, 163.56, 170.87.

EXAMPLE 2 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with methane sulfonamide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield 100 mg solid (29% yield), mp=137° C. (decomposition). HRMS (M−H) cacld for C₁₃H₁₄FN₂O₆S: 345.056. Found: 345.0570. Anal calcd for C₁₃H₁₅FN₂O₆S: C, 45.08; H, 4.36; N, 8.08. Found: C, 45.20; H, 4.29; N, 7.92. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 3.36 (s, 3), 3.71 (s, 3), 4.81 (s, 2), 6.56 (s, 1), 7.04 (m, 2), 7.32 (m, 2), 8.97 (s, 1). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 41.60, 48.27, 63.16, 92.57, 115.65, 115.81, 130.19, 130.24, 130.97, 158.99, 160.05, 161.65, 163.61, 170.79.

EXAMPLE 3 4-(5-Acetylamino-[1,3,4]thiadiazole-2-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with N-(5-sulfamoyl-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl)-acetamide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. LCMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₆H₁₇FN₅O₇S₂: 474.1; found: 474.1. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ: 2.21 (s, 3), 3.62 (s, 3), 4.72 (s, 2), 6.32 (s, 1), 6.95 (m, 2), 7.22 (m, 2).

EXAMPLE 4 4-Cyclobutylmethanesulfonylamino-3-hydroxy4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with cyclobutyl-methanesulfonamide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. LCMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₇H₂₂FN₂O₆S: 401.1; found: 401.0. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.87 (overlapping m, 3), 1.96 (m, 1), 2.21 (m, 2), 2.86 (heptet, 1, J=8), 3.55 (d, 2, J=7), 3.66 (s, 3), 4.79 (s, 2), 6.53 (s, 1), 7.02 (m, 2), 7.29 (m, 2). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 19.20, 28.12, 30.01, 48.31, 58.99, 63.23, 92.56, 115.72, 115.89, 130.28, 130.35, 131.05, 159.18, 160.12, 161.71, 163.67, 170.87.

EXAMPLE 5 4-Cyclohexanesulfonylamino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with cyclohexanesulfonic acid amide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. LCMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₈H₂₄FN₂O₆S: 415.1; found: 415.0. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.19 (overlapping m, 30,1.63 (overlapping m, 3), 1.90 (br m, 2), 2.17 (m, 2), 3.51 (m, 1), 3.69 (s, 3), 4.78 (s, 2), 6.53 (s, 1), 7.00 (m, 2), 7.26 (m, 2).

EXAMPLE 6 4-Cyclopentanesulfonylamino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with cyclopentanesulfonic acid amide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.66 (m, 2), 1.83 (m, 2), 2.08 (overlapping m, 4), 3.69 (s, 3), 4.10 (p, 1, J=8), 4.79 (s, 2), 6.53 (s, 1), 7.01 (m, 2), 7.29 (m, 2), 8.84 (s, 1). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 20.55, 22.24, 42.90, 57.27, 57.80, 87.06, 110.29, 110.46, 124.85, 124.91, 125.66, 153.94, 154.50, 156.29, 158.25, 165.53.

EXAMPLE 7 4-Cyclopropanesulfonylamino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with cyclopropanesulfonic acid amide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. LCMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₅H₁₈FN₂O₆S: 373.1; found: 373.0. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.13 (m, 2), 1.44 (m, 2), 2.95 (m, 1), 3.68 (s, 3), 4.79 (s, 2), 6.55 (s, 1), 7.02 (m, 2), 7.29 (m, 2), 8.95 (s, 1). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 6.45, 31.41, 48.31, 63.22, 92.45, 115.71, 115.88, 130.25, 130.32, 131.09, 159.44, 159.74, 161.70, 163.67, 170.98.

EXAMPLE 8 4-(3,5-Dimethyl-isoxazole-4-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with 3,5-dimethyl-isoxazole-4-sulfonic acid amide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. LCMS (M+H) calcd for C₁₇H₁₉FN₃O₇S: 428.1; found: 428.0. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 2.44 (s, 3), 2.75 (s, 3), 3.65 (s, 3), 4.77 (s, 2), 6.45 (s, 1), 7.01 (m, 2), 7.26 (m, 2). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ:10.83, 13.24, 48.33, 63.23, 92.57, 114.23, 115.71, 115.89, 130.19, 130.29, 130.96, 157.85, 158.89, 159.44, 161.71, 163.68, 170.81, 177.09.

EXAMPLE 9 3-Hydroxy-4-(6-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonylamino)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with 6-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonic acid amide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 2.45 (s, 3), 3.61 (s, 3), 4.73 (s, 2), 6.38 (s, 1), 6.97 (m, 2), 7.23 (m, 2), 7.77 (m, 1), 8.17 (m, 1), 8.54 (s, 1). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 18.71, 48.22, 63.10, 92.48, 115.65, 115.82, 124.67, 130.24, 130.34, 131.09, 138.70, 139.36, 150.54, 152.19, 159.14, 161.66, 163.62, 170.80.

EXAMPLE 10 4-(5-Chloro-thiophene-2-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with 5-chloro-thiophene-2-sulfonic acid amide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 3.66 (s, 3), 4.77 (s, 2), 6.49 (s, 1), 7.00 (overlapping m, 3), 7.26 (m, 2), 7.72 (m, 1). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 48.29, 63.20, 92.61, 115.69, 115.87, 126.94, 130.23, 130.30, 131.01, 135.19, 135.85, 140.50, 159.01, 159.08, 161.69, 163.66, 170.84.

EXAMPLE 11 4-(4-Acetylamino-benzenesulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with N-(4-sulfamoyl-phenyl)-acetamide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO) δ: 2.07 (s, 3), 3.60 (s, 3), 4.71 (s, 2), 6.26 (s, 1), 6.94 (m, 2), 7.21 (m, 2), 7.72 (m, 2), 7.86 (m, 2).

EXAMPLE 12 4-(6-Ethoxy-benzothiazole-2-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with 6-ethoxy-benzothiazole-2-sulfonic acid amide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.47 (t, 3, J=7), 3.62 (s, 3), 4.10 (q, 2, J=7), 4.75 (s, 2), 6.45 (s, 1), 7.02 (m, 2), 7.33-7.18 (overlapping m, 4), 8.05 (m, 1). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 14.69, 48.31, 63.18, 64.48, 92.87, 103.88, 115.69, 115.86, 118.94, 126.40, 130.24, 130.30, 131.00, 139.50, 146.56, 158.71, 159.16, 159.36, 159.59, 161.69, 163.65, 170.75.

EXAMPLE 13 4-(2,4-Dimethyl-thiazole-5-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with 2,4-dimethyl-thiazole-5-sulfonic acid amide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 2.71 (s, 6), 3.63 (s, 3), 4.76 (s, 2), 6.47 (s, 1), 7.01 (m, 2), 7.26 (m, 2). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 16.51, 19.25, 48.29, 63.20, 92.66, 115.70, 115.87, 127.43, 130.23, 130.30, 130.97, 158.92, 159.24, 159.58, 161.69, 163.66, 170.81, 172.19.

EXAMPLE 14 3-Hydroxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonylamino)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid amide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 3.63 (s, 3), 3.83 (s, 3), 4.75 (s, 2), 6.40 (s, 1), 7.02 (m, 2), 7.27 (m, 2), 7.74 (s, 1), 7.80 (s, 1). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 34.75, 48.21, 63.10, 92.33, 115.65, 115.82, 127.65, 130.24, 130.34, 131.11, 136.85, 139.42, 159.30, 159.55, 161.67, 163.63, 170.81.

EXAMPLE 15 N-(1-Ethyl-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)-5-[3-[(4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-carbamoyl]-2-hydroxy-acryloylsulfamoyl]-2-methoxy-benzamide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with N-(1-ethyl-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)-2-methoxy-5-sulfamoyl-benzamide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 1.29 (t, 3, J=7), 1.86 (m, 1), 2.06 (m, 2), 2.26 (m, 1), 2.97 (m, 2), 3.50 (m, 1), 3.59 (s, 3), 3.64 (m, 1), 3.82 (m, 2), 3.95 (m, 1), 4.03 (s, 3), 4.72 (s, 2), 6.37 (s, 1), 6.95 (m, 2), 7.10 (m, 1), 7.23 (m, 2), 8.23 (m, 1), 8.71 (s, 1).

EXAMPLE 16 4-(1,1-Dioxo-tetrahydro-1×6-thiophene-3-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with 1,1-dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophene-3-sulfonic acid amide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 2.66 (m, 2), 3.16 (m, 1), 3.34 (m, 10, 3.48 (m, 2), 3.94 (s, 3), 4.51 (m, 1), 4.78 (s, 2), 6.52 (s, 1), 7.01 (m, 2), 7.28 (m, 2). ¹³C NMR (125 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 22.89, 48.25,49.91,50.39, 57.43, 63.29, 93.24, 115.72, 115.90, 130.34, 130.95, 158.63, 160.50, 161.69, 163.65, 170.60.

EXAMPLE 17 3-Hydroxy-4-[5-(1-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-thiophene-2-sulfonylamino]-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with 5-(1-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-thiophene-2-sulfonic acid amide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 3.66 (s, 3), 4.03 (s, 3), 4.76 (s, 2), 6.50 (s, 1), 6.71 (s, 1), 7.00 (m, 2), 7.20 (m, 1), 7.25 (m, 2), 7.93 (m, 1).

EXAMPLE 18 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-4-(1-propyl-cyclopropanesulfonylamino)-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with 1-propyl-cyclopropanesulfonic acid amide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. MS (M−H) calcd for C₁₈H₂₂FN₂O₆S: 413.1. Found: 413.0. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.92 (t, 3, J=8), 1.00 (m, 2), 1.54 (m, 2), 1.74 (m, 2), 1.84 (m, 2), 3.68 (s, 3), 4.79 (s, 2), 6.54 (s, 1), 7.04 (m, 2), 7.29 (m, 2), 8.79 (s, 1). Anal calcd for C₁₈H₂₃FN₂O₆S: C, 52.16; H, 5.59; N, 6.76. Found: C, 52.20; H, 5.69; N, 6.66.

EXAMPLE 19 4-(1-Cyclopropylmethyl-cyclopropanesulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with 1-cyclopropylmethyl-cyclopropanesulfonic acid amide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. MS (M−H) calcd for C₁₉H₂₂FN₂O₆S: 425.1. Found: 425.0. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 0.12 (m, 2), 0.50 (m, 2), 0.70 (m, 1), 1.14 (m, 2), 1.75 (m, 2), 1.88 (m, 2), 3.69 (s, 3), 4.79 (s, 2), 6.54 (s, 1), 7.03 (m, 2), 7.30 (m, 2), 8.83 (s, 1). Anal calcd for C₁₉H₂₃FN₂O₆S; C, 53.51; H, 5.43; N, 6.56. Found: C, 53.43; H, 5.64; N, 6.51.

EXAMPLE 20 4-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropanesulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide was treated with 1-benzyl-cyclopropanesulfonic acid amide as described in the preparation of compound 1 to yield the title compound. MS (M−H) calcd for C₂₂H₂₂FN₂O₆S: 461.1. Found: 461.2. HRMS (M+H) calcd for C₂₂H₂₄FN₂O₆S: 463.1339. Found: 463.1331. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl₃) 0.95 (m, 2), 1.26 (m, 2), 3.25 (s, 2), 3.85 (s, 3), 4.79 (s, 2), 6.43 (s, 1), 7.06-7.32 (overlapping m, 9). Anal calcd for C₂₂H₂₃FN₂O₆S: C, 57.13; H, 5.01; N, 6.05. Found: C, 56.06; H, 5.42; N, 6.25.

Preparation of 4-Formyl-benzoic acid tert-butyl ester

A suspension of 4-carboxybenzaldehyde (5.2 g, 34.6 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (130 ml) was treated under argon with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (15.3 g, 70.0 mmol) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (1.28 g, 10.0 mmol) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 22° C. for 72 h. After dilution with dichloromethane, the reaction mixture was washed successively with 5% citric acid, saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulphate. Evaporation of the solvent under reduced pressure and chromatography of the residue on silica gel (elution toluene-ethyl acetate, 95:5) yielded 2.43 g (34% yield) of the title ester as a white solid. ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 1.61 (9H, s, t-Bu), 7.92 (2H, d, J=8.3 Hz, aromatics), 8.13 (2H, d, J=8.3 Hz, aromatics), 10.09 (1H, s, CH).

Preparation of 4-(Methoxyimino-methyl)-benzoic acid tert-butyl ester

Reaction of 4-formyl-benzoic acid tert-butyl ester with methoxylamine hydrochloride as described in the preparation of compound 1-A gave the title oxime ether as a clear oil after chromatography on silica gel (elution hexane-ethyl acetate, 96:4) (79% yield). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 1.60 (9H, s, t-Bu), 4.00 (3H, s, OCH₃), 7.62 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz, aromatics), 7.97 (2H, d, J=8.0 Hz, aromatics), 8.08 (1H, s, CH).

Preparation of 4-(Methoxyamino-methyl)-benzoic acid tert-butyl ester

Reduction of 4-(methoxyimino-methyl)-benzoic acid tert-butyl ester with sodium cyanoborohydride as described in the preparation of compound 1-B gave the title hydroxylamine as a clear oil after chromatography on silica gel (elution hexane-ethyl acetate 8:2) (56% yield). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 1.59 (9H, s, t-Bu), 3.49 (3H, s, OCH₃), 4.09 (2H, s, NCH₂), 7.41 (2H, d, J=8.6 Hz, aromatics), 7.96 (2H, d, J=8.6 Hz, aromatics). The hydrochloride salt was obtained as a white solid: mp 130-132° C. Anal. calcd for C₁₃H₁₉NO₃—HCl: C, 57.04; H, 7.36; N, 5.12. Found: C, 56.90; H, 7.27; N, 5.00.

Preparation of 4-({[2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetyl]-methoxy-amino}-methyl)-benzoic acid tert-butyl ester

Reaction of (2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetyl chloride with 4-(methoxyamino-methyl)-benzoic acid tert-butyl ester as described in the preparation of compound 1-C gave the title amide as white crystals (93% yield): mp 137-138° C. (dichloromethane-hexane). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 1.58 (9H, s, t-Bu), 1.76 (6H, s, CH₃), 3.67 (3H, s, OCH₃), 4.87 (2H, s, NCH₂), 6.40 (1H, s, CH), 7.39 (2H, d, J=8.2 Hz, aromatics), 7.95 (2H, d, J=8.2 Hz, aromatics). Anal. calcd for C₂₀H₂₅NO₇: C, 61.37; H, 6.44; N, 3.58. Found: C, 61.23; H, 6.25; N, 3.52.

Preparation of 4-({[2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetyl]-methoxy-amino}-methyl)-benzoic acid

A solution of 4-({[2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetyl]-methoxy-amino}-methyl)-benzoic acid tert-butyl ester (0.60 g, 1.53 mmol) in dichloromethane (25 ml) was treated at 22° C. with trifluoroacetic acid (6 ml) and the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h. Evaporation of the solvent in vacuo and recrystallization of the solid residue gave 0.457 g (89% yield) of the title material as white crystals: mp 217-219° C. (dichloromethane-hexane). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (DMSO-d₆) δ (ppm): 1.70 (6H, s, CH₃), 3.72 (2H, s, OCH₃), 4.89 (2H, s, NCH₂), 6.18 (1H, s, CH), 7.39 (2H, d, J=8.3 Hz, aromatics), 7.91 (2H, d, J=8.3 Hz, aromatics), 12.9 (1H, broad s, OH). Anal. calcd for C₁₆H₁₇NO₇: C, 57.31; H, 5.11; N, 4.18. Found: C, 57.33; H, 5.08; N, 4.25.

EXAMPLE 21 4-{[(3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoyl)-methoxy-amino]-methyl}-benzoic acid

Reaction of 4-({[2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetyl]-methoxy-amino}-methyl)-benzoic acid (0.125 g, 0.37 mmol) with methanesulfonamide (0.053 g, 0.55 mmol) as described for compound 1 gave 0.131 g (95%) of the title amide as a white solid after recrystallization from acetonitrile; mp 119-124° C. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ: (ppm)); mixture of rotamers: 2.99 and 3.09 (3H, 2 S, SO₂CH₃), 3.42 and 3.54 (3H, 2 s, OCH₃), 4.63 and 4.76 (2H, 2 s, NCH₂), 6.14 (1H, s, CH), 7.17 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.69 (2H, m, aromatics). HRMS (ESI/pos) calculated for C₁₄H₁₇N₂O₈S, [M+H]⁺: 373.070563; found: 373.070061. Anal. calcd for C₁₄H₁₆N₂O₈S: C, 45.16; H, 4.33; N, 7.52; found: C, 45.22; H, 4.70; N, 8.12.

Preparation of 4-Fluoro-3-methyl-benzaldehyde O-methyl-oxime

Reaction of 4-fluoro-3-methyl-benzaldehyde with methoxylamine hydrochloride as described in the preparation of compound 1-A gave the title oxime ether as a clear oil after chromatography on silica gel (elution hexane-ethyl acetate 8:2) (100% yield). ¹HNMR indicated a 9:1 mixture of E- and Z-isomers. ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): (E-isomer) 2.29 (3H, broad s, CH₃), 3.96 (3H, s, OCH₃), 7.0 (1H, m, aromatic), 7.34 (1H, m, aromatic), 7.4 (1H, m, aromatic), 8.0 (1H, s, CH).

Preparation of N-(4-Fluoro-3-methyl-benzyl)-O-methyl-hydroxylamine

Reduction of 4-fluoro-3-methyl-benzaldehyde O-methyloxime with sodium cyanoborohydride as described in the preparation of compound 1-B gave the title hydroxylamine as a clear oil after chromatography on silica gel (elution hexane-ethyl acetate 8: 2) (94% yield). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 2.27 (3H, broad s, CH₃), 3.50 (3H, s, OCH₃), 3.97 (2H, broad s, NCH₂), 5.67 (1H, broad, NH), 6.95 (1H, m, aromatic), 7.11-7.17 (2H, m, aromatics). The hydrochloride salt was obtained as a white solid: mp 162° C. Anal. calcd for C₉H₁₂FNO—HCl: C, 52.56; H, 6.37; N, 6.81. Found: C, 52.80; H, 6.33; N, 6.70.

Preparation of 2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-Fluoro-3-methyl-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide

Reaction of (2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetyl chloride with N-(4-fluoro-3-methyl-benzyl)-O-methyl-hydroxylamine as described in the preparation of compound 1-C gave the title amide as white crystals (95% yield): mp 107-108° C. (ethyl acetate-hexane). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 1.75 (6H, s, CH₃), 2.26 (3H, broad s, CH₃), 3.69 (3H, s, OCH₃), 4.75 (2H, s, NCH₂), 6.39 (1H, s, CH), 6.95 (1H, m, aromatic), 7.13-7.19 (2H, m, aromatics). Anal. calcd for C₁₆H₁₈FNO₅: C, 59.43; H, 5.61; N, 4.33. Found: C, 59.24; H, 5.47; N 4.29.

EXAMPLE 22 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-3-methyl-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

A solution of 2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(4-fluoro-3-methyl-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide (0.320 g, 0.99 mmol) and methanesulfonamide (0.095 g, 1.0 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (2 ml) was treated at 22° C. with sodium hydride (0.080 g of a 60% dispersion in mineral oil, 2.0 mmol) added in small portions over 5 min. After 1 h, the reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of 2 N aqueous hydrochloric acid and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with brine and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Evaporation of the solvent and crystallization of the residue from ethyl acetate and hexane gave 0.244 g (68% yield) of compound 23 as a white solid; mp=138° C. (decomposition). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 2.27 (3H, d, J=1.9 Hz, CH₃), 3.36 (3H, s, CH₃), 3.70 (3H, s, CH₃), 4.76 (2H, s, NCH₂), 6.56 (1H, s, CH), 6.95-7.14 (3H, m, aromatics), 8.96 (1H, broad s, NH). Anal. calcd for C₁₄H₁₇FN₂O₆S: C, 46.66; H, 4.75; N, 7.77; found: C, 46.76; H, 4.74; N, 7.64.

Preparation of 2-Isopropoxy-benzaldehyde O-methyloxime

Reaction of 2-isopropoxybenzaldehyde (Hach, Collect. Czech. Commun., 23, 1958, 1902-1907) with methoxylamine hydrochloride as described in the preparation of compound 1-A gave the title oxime ether as a clear oil after chromatography on silica gel (elution hexane-ethyl acetate 8:2) (96% yield). ¹HNMR indicated a 95:5 mixture of E- and Z-isomers. ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): (E-isomer) 1.33 (6H, d, J=6.1 Hz, CH₃), 3.97 (3H, s, OCH₃), 4.56 (1H, m, CH), 6.90 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.30 (1H, m, aromatic), 7.79 (1H, dd, J=2.0 Hz and J=7.6 Hz, aromatic), 8.47 (1H, s, CH).

Preparation of N-(2-Isopropoxy-benzyl)-O-methyl-hydroxylamine

Reduction of 2-isopropoxy-benzaldehyde O-methyloxime with sodium cyanoborohydride as described in the preparation of compound 1-B gave the title hydroxylamine as a clear oil after chromatography on silica gel (elution hexane-ethyl acetate 8:2) (83% yield). ¹HMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 1.35 (6H, d, J=6.1 Hz, CH₃), 3.56 (3H, s, OCH₃), 4.07 (2H, broad s, NCH₂), 4.59 (1H, m, CH), 6.08 (1H, broad s, NH), 6.86-6.91 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.20-7.24 (2H, m, aromatics). The hydrochloride salt was obtained as a white solid: mp 90° C. Anal. calcd for C₁₁H₁₇NO₂—HCl: C, 57.02; H, 7.83; N, 6.04. Found: C, 56.93; H, 7.64; N, 5.96

Preparation of 2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(2-isopropoxy-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide

Reaction of (2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetyl chloride with N-(2-isopropoxy-benzyl)-O-methyl-hydroxylamine as described in the preparation of compound 1-C gave the title amide as white crystals (93% yield): mp 103° C. (ethyl acetate-hexane). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 1.34 (6H, d, J=6.0 Hz, CH₃), 1.75 (6H, s, CH₃), 3.68 (3H, s, OCH₃), 4.60 (1H, m, CH), 4.95 (2H, broad s, NCH₂), 6.44 (1H, s, CH), 6.89 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.2-7.3 (2H, m, aromatics). Anal. calcd for C₁₈H₂₃NO₆: C, 61.88; H, 6.64; N, 4.01. Found: C, 61.22; H, 6.33; N, 3.87.

EXAMPLE 23 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (2-isopropoxy-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

Reaction of 2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(2-isopropoxy-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide (0.234 g, 0.67 mmol) with methanesulfonamide (0.064 g, 0.67 mmol) as described in the preparation of compound 22 gave 0.135 g (53% yield) of the title amide as a light yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ: mixture of rotamers: 1.25 and 1.30 (2×3H, 2 d, J=6 Hz, CH₃), 2.86 and 2.88 (3H, 2 S, SO₂CH₃), 3.63 and 3.67 (3H, 2 s, OCH₃), 4.62 (1H, m, CH), 4.76 (2H, s, NCH₂), 6.19 and 6.23 (1H, 2 s, CH), 6.8-7.2 (4H, m, aromatics). HRMS (ESI/neg) calculated for C₁₆H₂₁N₂O₇S: [M−H]⁻: 385.106948; found: 385.106655.

EXAMPLE 24 4-{[(3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoyl)-methoxy-amino]-methyl}-benzoic acid tert-butyl ester

Reaction of 4-({[2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetyl]-methoxy-amino}-methyl)-benzoic acid tert-butyl ester (0.060 g, 0.15 mmol) with methanesulfonamide (0.014 g, 0.15 mmol) as described in the prepartion of compound 22 gave 0.043 g (67% yield) of the title amide as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: mixture of rotamers: 1.58 (9H, s t-Bu), 3.31, 3.33 and 3.36 (3H, 3 S, SO₂CH₃), 3.61, 3.66 and 3.70 (3H, 3 s, OCH₃), 4.8 and 4.88 (2H, 2 s, NCH₂), 6.6 (1H, s, CH), 7.28 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.98 (2H, m, aromatics), 8.98 (1H, broad s, NH). HRMS (ESI/neg) calculated for C₁₈H₂₃N₂O₈S: [M−H]⁻: 427.117513; found: 427.117342.

Preparation of 3-Fluoro-4-methyl-benzaldehyde O-methyl-oxime

Reaction of 3-fluoro-4-methyl-benzaldehyde with methoxylamine hydrochloride as described in the preparation of compound 1-A gave the title oxime ether as a clear oil (94% yield). ¹HMR indicated a 9:1 mixture of E- and Z-isomers. ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): (E-isomer) 2.28 (3H, broad s, CH₃), 3.97 (3H, s, OCH₃), 7.15-7.29 (3H, m, aromatics), 7.99 (1H, s, CH).

Preparation of N-(3-Fluoro-4-methyl-benzyl)-O-methyl-hydroxylamine

Reduction of 3-fluoro-4-methyl-benzaldehyde O-methyloxime with sodium cyanoborohydride as described in the preparation of compound 1-B gave the title hydroxylamine as a clear oil after chromatography on silica gel (elution hexane-ethyl acetate 8: 2) (57% yield). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 2.25 (3H, broad s, CH₃), 3.50 (3H, s, OCH₃), 3.99 (2H, broad s, NCH₂), 5.71 (1H, broad, NH), 7.01 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.13 (1H, m, aromatic). The hydrochloride salt was obtained as a white solid: mp 140-142° C. Anal. calcd for C₉H₁₂FNO—HCl: C, 52.56; H, 6.37; N, 6.81. Found: C, 52.63; H, 6.30; N, 6.78.

Preparation of 2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(3-fluoro-4-methyl-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide

Reaction of (2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetyl chloride with N-(3-fluoro-4-methyl-benzyl)-O-methyl-hydroxylamine as described in the preparation of compound 1-C gave the title amide as white crystals (100% yield): mp 131° C. (ethyl acetate-hexane). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 1.75 (6H, s, CH₃), 2.25 (3H, broad s, CH₃), 3.69 (3H, s, OCH₃), 4.77 (2H, s, NCH₂), 6.39 (1H, s, CH), 7.0-7.03 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.13 (1H, m, aromatic). Anal. calcd for C₁₆H₁₈FNO₅: C, 59.43; H, 5.61; N, 4.33. Found: C, 59.51; H, 5.60; N, 4.24.

EXAMPLE 25 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (3-fluoro-4-methyl-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

Reaction of 2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-(3-fluoro-4-methyl-benzyl)-N-methoxy-acetamide (0.135 g, 0.418 mmol) with methanesulfonamide (0.042 g, 0.44 mmol) as described in the preparation of compound 22 gave 0.102 g (68% yield) of the title amide as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ: mixture of rotamers: 2.2 (3H, s, CH₃), 2.87 and 2.88 (3H, 2 S, SO₂CH₃), 3.63 and 3.67 (3H, 2 s, OCH₃), 4.73 and 4.78 (2H, 2 s, NCH₂), 6.14 and 6.16 (1H, 2 s, CH), 7.04-7.27 (3H, m, aromatics). HRMS (ESI/neg) calculated for C₁₄H₁₆FN₂O₆S: [M−H]⁻: 359.071312; found: 359.071347.

Preparation of 1-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-ethanone O-methyl-oxime

Reaction of 4′-fluoroacetophenone with methoxylamine hydrochloride as described in the preparation of compound 1-A gave the title oxime ether as a clear oil (92% yield). ¹HNMR indicated a 87:13 mixture of E and Z isomers. ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): (E-isomer) 2.21 (3H, s, CH₃), 3.99 (3H, s, OCH₃), 7.04 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.63 (2H, m, aromatics).

Preparation of N-[1-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-O-methyl-hydroxylamine

Reduction of 4′-fluoroacetophenone O-methyloxime with sodium cyanoborohydride as described in the preparation of 1-B gave the title hydroxylamine as a clear oil after chromatography on silica gel (elution hexane-ethyl acetate 8: 2) (51% yield). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 1.33 (3H, d, J=6.5 Hz, CH₃), 3.46 (3H, s, OCH₃), 4.12 (1H, q, J=6.5 Hz, NCH), 5.59 (1H, broad, NH), 7.02 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.32 (2H, m, aromatics). The hydrochloride salt was obtained as a white solid: mp 99-103° C. Anal. calcd for C₉H₁₂FNO—HCl: C, 52.56; H, 6.37; N, 6.81. Found: C, 52.45; H, 6.25; N, 6.55.

Preparation of 2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-[1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-N-methoxy-acetamide

Reaction of (2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetyl chloride with N-[1-(R and S)-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-O-methyl-hydroxylamine as described in the preparation of compound 1-C gave the title amide as a clear syrup (100%). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 1.62 (3H, d, J=7.5 Hz, CH₃), 1.75 (6H, s, CH₃), 3.52 (3H, s, OCH₃), 5.72 (1H, q, J=7.5 Hz, CH), 6.31 (1H, s, CH), 7.02 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.41 (2H, m, aromatics). HRMS (MAB N₂) calculated for C₁₆H₁₈FNO₅ [M+]: 323.116901: found: 323.117106.

EXAMPLE 26 Preparation of 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid[1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-methoxy-amide

Reaction of 2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-[1-(R and S)-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-N-methoxy-acetamide (0.160 g, 0.49 mmol) with methanesulfonamide (0.050 g, 0.52 mmol) as described in the preparation of compound 22 gave 0.091 g (51% yield) of the title amide as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ: mixture of rotamers: 1.55 (3H, m, CH₃), 2.77, 2.78, 2.86 and 2.88 (3H, 4 s, SO₂CH₃), 3.44, 3.53 and 3.58 (3H, 3 s, OCH₃), 5.47-5.7 (1H, m, NCH), 6.09, 6.10, 6.11 and 6.12 (1H, 4 s, CH), 7.12-7.43 (4H, m, aromatics). HRMS (ESI/neg) calculated for C₁₄H₁₆FN₂O₆S: [M−H]⁻: 359.071312; found: 359.071165.

Preparation of Bis-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-methanone O-methyl-oxime

A solution of 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone (3.00 g, 13.75 mmol) in a mixture of ethanol (10 ml) and pyridine (10 ml) was treated with methoxylamine hydrochloride (1.8 g, 21.7 mmol) and the resulting mixture was heated under reflux for 1 h. The cooled reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed successively with water, 1 N hydrochloric acid, saturated sodium bicarbonate and brine. After drying over anhydrous magnesium sulphate, evaporation of the solvent yielded 3.38 g (99% yield) of the title oxime ether as a clear syrup. ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 3.94 (3H, s, OCH₃), 7.04 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.12 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.34 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.45 (2H, m, aromatics).

Preparation of N-[Bis-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-methyl]-O-methyl-hydroxylamine

Reduction of 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone O-methyloxime with sodium cyanoborohydride as described in the preparation of 1-B gave the title hydroxylamine as a clear oil after chromatography on silica gel (elution hexane-dichloromethane 1:1) (41% yield). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 3.49 (3H, s, OCH₃), 5.18 (1H, s, NCH), 5.8 (1H, broad, NH), 7.02 (4H, m, aromatics), 7.35 (4H, m, aromatics). The hydrochloride salt was obtained as a white solid: mp 162° C. (dec). Anal. calcd for C₁₄H₁₃F₂NO—HCl: C, 58.85; H, 4.94; N, 4.90. Found: C, 59.05; H, 4.74; N, 4.77.

Preparation of N-[Bis-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-methyl]-2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-methoxy-acetamide

Reaction of (2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetyl chloride with N-[bis-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-methyl]-O-methyl-hydroxylamine as described in the preparation of compound 1-C gave the title amide as white crystals (88% yield): mp 137° C. (ethyl acetate-hexane). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 1.74 (6H, s, CH₃), 3.26 (3H, s, OCH₃), 6.42 (1H, s, CH), 6.81 (1H, s, CH), 7.03 (4H, m, aromatics), 7.28 (4H, m, aromatics). Anal. calcd for C₂₁H₁₉F₂NO₅: C, 62.53; H, 4.75; N, 3.47. Found: C, 62.49; H, 4.66; N, 3.35.

EXAMPLE 27 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid [bis-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-methyl]-methoxy-amide

A solution of N-[bis-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-methyl]-2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-methoxy-acetamide (0.175 g, 0.43 mmol) and methanesulfonamide (0.062 g, 0.52 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (3 ml) was treated at 25° C. with 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (0.1 ml). After 1 h, the reaction mixture was then quenched by the addition of ethyl acetate and 1 N hydrochloric acid. The organic phase was washed successively with water and brine and dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Evaporation of the solvent and chromatography of the residue on silica gel (elution ethyl acetate-methanol 0-20%) gave 0.129 g (67% yield) of the title amide as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ: mixture of rotamers: 2.78, 2.81,2.87 and 2.88 (3H, 4 s, SO₂CH₃), 3.15, 3.16, 3.18 and 3.20 (3H, 4 s, OCH₃), 6.22, 6.25 and 6.27 (1H, 3 s, CH), 6.75-6.89 (1H, m, CH), 7.17-7.54 (8H, m, aromatics). HRMS (ESI/neg) calculated for C₁₉H₁₇F₂N₂O₆S, [M−H]⁻: 439.077540; found: 439.077728.

2-Chloro-4-fluoro-benzaldehyde O-methyl-oxime

Reaction of 2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzaldehyde with methoxylamine hydrochloride as described in the preparation of compound 1-A gave the title oxime ether as a clear oil (93% yield). ¹HNMR indicated a 9:1 mixture of E- and Z-isomers. ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): (E-isomer) 3.99 (3H, s, OCH₃), 6.99 (1H, m, aromatic), 7.12 (1H, m, aromatic), 7.87 (1H, m, aromatic), 8.41 (1H, s, CH).

Preparation of N-(2-Chloro-4-fluoro-benzyl)-O-methyl-hydroxylamine

Reduction of 2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzaldehyde O-methyloxime with sodium cyanoborohydride as described in the preparation of 1-B gave the title hydroxylamine as a clear oil after chromatography on silica gel (elution dichloromethane-ethyl acetate 95:5) (54% yield). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 3.55 (3H, s, OCH₃), 4.16 (2H, s, NCH₂), 6.99 (1H, m, aromatic), 7.15 (1H, dd, J=2.5 Hz and J=8.6 Hz, aromatic), 7.41 (1H, dd, J=6.0 Hz and J=8.6 Hz, aromatic). The hydrochloride salt was obtained as a white solid: mp 159° C. Anal. calcd for C₈H₉ClFNO—HCl: C, 42.50; H, 4.46; N, 6.20. Found: C, 42.50; H, 4.36; N, 5.98.

Preparation of N-(2-Chloro-4-fluoro-benzyl)-2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-methoxy-acetamide

Reaction of (2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetyl chloride with N-(2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzyl)-O-methyl-hydroxylamine as described in the preparation of compound 1-C gave the title amide as white crystals (97% yield): mp 127-128° C. (ethyl acetate-hexane). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 1.76 (6H, s, CH₃), 3.70 (3H, s, OCH₃), 4.95 (2H, s, NCH₂), 6.41 (1H, s, CH), 6.96 (1H, m, aromatic), 7.13 (1H, dd, J=2.5 Hz and J=8.7 Hz, aromatic), 7.38 (1H, dd, J=6.1 Hz and J=8.6 Hz, aromatic). Anal. calcd for C₁₅H₁₅ClFNO₅: C, 52.41; H, 4.39; N, 4.07. Found: C, 52.49; H, 4.15; N, 3.76.

EXAMPLE 28 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide

Reaction of N-(2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzyl)-2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-methoxy-acetamide (0.175 g, 0.51 mmol) with methanesulfonamide (0.073 g, 0.77 mmol) as described in the preparation of compound 22 gave 0.089 g (45% yield) of the title amide as a white solid after crystallization from ethyl acetate-hexane; mp=144° C. (decomposition). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ: 3.36 (3H, s, SO₂CH₃), 3.71 (3H, s, OCH₃), 4.96 (2H, s, NCH₂), 6.60 (1H, s, CH), 6.95-7.32 (3H, m, aromatics), 8.96 (1H, broad s, NH). Anal. calcd for C₁₃H₁₄ClFN₂O₆S: C, 41.00; H, 3.70; N, 7.35; found: C, 41.03; H, 3.61; N, 7.29.

Preparation of [1-(4-Chloro-benzyl)-2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-ethyl]-methyl-amine

A mixture of 1,3-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-propan-2-one (3.20 g, 11.46 mmol), (Yang, H. and Hay, A. S., Synthesis, 1992, 467-472), in anhydrous ethanol (25 ml) was treated successively with titanium (IV) isopropoxide (6.8 ml, 22.9 mmol), methylamine hydrochloride (1.55 g, 22.9 mmol) and triethylamine (3.2 ml, 22.9 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 22° C. for 18 h and then treated with sodium borohydride (0.65 g, 17.2 mmol). After 6 h at 22° C., the reaction mixture was quenched by the addition of 2 N aqueous ammonia (60 ml) and the resulting precipitate was filtered and rinced with ether. The combined ether extracts were washed with brine, dried (anhydrous sodium carbonate) and concentrated. Distillation of the residue in vacuo gave 2.60 g (77% yield) of the title amine as a clear oil: bp 135-140° C./0.2 torr, (bulb to bulb distillation, air bath temperature). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (C₆D₆) δ (ppm): 2.19 (3H, s, NCH3), 2.42 (4H, d, J=6.5 Hz, CH₂), 2.69 (1H, m, CH), 6.84 (4H, d, J=8.5 Hz, aromatics), 7.22 (4H, d, J=8.5 Hz, aromatics). The hydrochloride salt was obtained as a white solid. Anal. calcd for C₁₆H₁₇C₂N—HCl: C, 58.11; H, 5.49; N, 4.24. Found: C, 57.85; H, 5.35; N, 4.13.

Preparation of N-[1-(4-Chloro-benzyl)-2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-ethyl]-2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-methyl-acetamide

A mixture of (2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetic acid (0.936 g, 5.43 mmol) in dry acetonitrile (10 ml) was treated successively with [1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-ethyl]-methylamine (1.60 g, 5.43 mmol), benzotriazole-1-yl-oxy-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (PyBOP®) (3.11 g, 5.98 mmol) and triethylamine (0.83 ml, 5.98 mmol). After 3 h at 22° C., the clear solution was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid, saturated sodium bicarbonate, brine and dried (magnesium sulfate). Evaporation of the solvent and chromatography of the residue on silica gel (elution toluene-ethyl acetate, 7:3) gave 2.35 g (97% yield) of the title amide as white needles; mp 109° C. (ethyl acetate-hexane). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): mixture of rotamers; 1.62 and 1.69 (6H, 2 s, CH₃), 2.75 and 2.97 (3H, 2 s, NCH₃), 2.8-2.9 (4H, m, CH₂), 4.15 (1H, m, CH), 5.44 and 5.89 (1H, 2 s, CH), 7.05-7.3 (8H, m, aromatics). Anal. calcd for C₂₃H₂₃C₁₂NO₄: C, 61.62; H, 5.17; N, 3.12. Found: C, 61.39; H, 5.25; N, 3.22.

EXAMPLE 29 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid [1-(4-chloro-benzyl)-2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-ethyl]-methyl-amide

Reaction of N-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-ethyl]-2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-methyl-acetamide (0.363 g, 0.81 mmol) with methanesulfonamide (0.077 g, 0.81 mmol) as described in the preparation of compound 22 gave 0.284 g (72% yield) of the title amide as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) δ: mixture of rotamers: 2.5-3.5 (10H, m, CH₃ and CH₂), 4.55 and 5.1 (1H, broad m, CH), 5.8 (1H, s, CH), 7.1-7.4 (8H, m, aromatics).

Preparation of 3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-propionaldehyde O-methyloxime

Reaction of 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-propionaldehyde (Dickinson, R. P.; Dack, K. N.; Steele, J.; Tute, M. S. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 6, 14, 1996, 1691-1696) with methoxylamine hydrochloride as described in the preparation of compound 1-A gave the title oxime ether as a clear oil (97% yield), bp 65-75° C./1.5 torr (bulb to bulb distillation, air bath temperature). ¹HNMR indicated a 6:4 mixture of E- and Z-isomers. ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 2.51 and 2.65 (2H, 2 m, CH₂), 2.8 (2H, m, CH₂), 3.84 and 3.88 (3H, 2 s, OCH₃), 6.67 (t, J=5.5 Hz, CH), 7.0 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.16 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.40 (t, J=4.2 Hz, CH).

Preparation of N-[3-(4-Fluorophenyl)-propyl]-O-methyl-hydroxylamine

Reduction of 3-(4-fluorophenyl)-propionaldehyde O-methyloxime with sodium cyanoborohydride as described in the preparation of compound 1-B gave the title hydroxylamine as a clear oil after chromatography on silica gel and distillation in vacuo (75% yield): bp 70-75° C./0.7 torr (bulb to bulb distillation, air bath temperature). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CHCl₃) δ (ppm): 1.85 (2H, m, CH₂), 2.68 (2H, t, J=7.9 Hz, CH₂), 2.95 (2H, t, J=7.1 Hz, CH₂), 3.56 (3H, s, OCH₃), 5.58 (1H, broad, NH), 6.99 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.17 (2H, m, aromatics). The hydrochloride salt was obtained as a white solid: mp 97-100° C. Anal. calcd for C₁₀H₁₄FNO—HCl: C, 54.67; H, 6.88; N, 6.38. Found: C, 54.72; H, 6.71; N, 6.42.

Preparation of 2-(2,2-Dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-propyl]-N-methoxy-acetamide

Reaction of (2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-acetyl chloride with N-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-propyl]-O-methyl-hydroxylamine as described in the preparation of compound 1-C gave the title amide as white crystals (97% yield): mp 90-91° C. (ethyl acetate-hexane). ¹HNMR 400 MHz (CDCl₃) δ (ppm): 1.77 (6H, s, CH₃), 1.98 (2H, m, CH₂), 2.64 (2H, t, J=7.9 Hz, CH₂), 3.71 (2H, t, J=7.6 Hz, NCH₂), 3.73 (3H, s, OCH₃), 6.41 (1H, broad s, CH), 6.98 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.16 (2H, m, aromatics). Anal. calcd for C₁₇H₂₀FNO₅: C, 60.53; H, 5.98; N, 4.15. Found: C, 60.43; H, 5.99; N, 4.09.

EXAMPLE 30 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid [3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-propyl]-methoxy-amide

Reaction of 2-(2,2-dimethyl-5-oxo-[1,3]dioxolan-4-ylidene)-N-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-propyl]-N-methoxy-acetamide (0.300 g, 0.89 mmol) with methanesulfonamide (0.127 g, 1.33 mmol) as described in the preparation oc compound 22 gave 0.304 g (91% yield) of the title amide as a white foam after chromatography. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) 8: mixture keto-enol forms and of rotamers equilibrating to a major enol form after a few hours in chloroform: 1.95 (2H, m, CH₂), 2.6 (2H, m, CH₂), 3.34, 3.35 and 3.38 (3H, 3s, SO₂CH₃), 3.70, 3.71 and 3.74 (3H, 3s, OCH₃), 6.57 (1H, s, CH), 7.0 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.15 (2H, m, aromatics), 9.05 (1H, broad s, NH); major form after equilibration: 1.97 (2H, m, CH₂), 2.64 (2H, t, CH₂), 3.38 (3H, s, SO₂CH₃), 3.74 (3H, s, OCH₃), 6.57 (1H, s, CH), 7.0 (2H, m, aromatics), 7.15 (2H, m, aromatics), 9.05 (1H, broad s, NH). MS (ESI/pos) calculated for C₁₅H₂₀FN₂O₆S, [M+H]⁺: 374; found: 374.

EXAMPLE 31 HIV-Integrase Inhibition Activity

Table 2 shows the percent inhibition of HIV-integrase in the presence of examples 1-30 at 10 μM. For each reaction, 5 pmole of biotin labeled substrate DNA was bound to 100 ug of Streptavidin coated PVT SPA beads (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech). 0.26 ng of recombinant integrase was incubated with the beads for 90 min at 37 C. Unbound enzyme was removed by washing the complex followed by addition of inhibitors and 0.1 fmol of P33 labeled target DNA. Reaction was stopped by adding EDTA to a final concentration of 10 mM. Samples were counted in TopCountNXT (Packard) and the CPM was used as a measure of integration. Reaction condition was as described in A. Engelman and R. Craigie, J. Virol. 69, 5908-5911 (1995). The sequences of substrate and target DNA were described in Nucleic Acid Research 22, 1121-1122 (1994). Compounds of this invention tested in this assay have IC₅₀'s of approximately 0.01 to 25 μM.

TABLE 2 % inhibition Example at 10 μM 1 99 2 99 3 99 4 99 5 99 6 99 7 99 8 99 9 94 10 95 11 99 12 99 13 98 14 93 15 93 16 98 17 99 18 99 19 99 20 99 21 30 22 99 23 99 24 15 25 99 26 99 27 60 28 99 29 86 30 98

Inhibition of HIV Replication

Cell culture assays were performed using a single cycle, recombinant HIV virus expressing Renella luciferase. Anti-viral activity was evaluated by measuring the production of luciferase in the infected cells 5 days post-infection. Susceptibility of the virus to compounds was determined by inclubation in the presence of the serially-diluted compound. The 50% effective concentration (EC₅₀) was calculated by using the exponential form of the median effect equation where (Fa)=1/[1+(ED₅₀/drug conc.)^(m)]. Compounds of this invention tested in this assay have EC₅₀'s of approximately 0.08 to 12 μM. 

1. A compound of Formula I, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or solvate thereof

wherein: R¹ is -phenyl, or —C₁-C₆ alkyl-phenyl; wherein phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 R⁴; R² is —H, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, -phenyl, or —C₁-C₆ alkyl phenyl; wherein phenyl is unsubstituted or substituted with 1-3 R⁴; R³ is —H, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, or —O—C₁-C₆ alkyl; Each R⁴ is independently selected from -halo, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, —C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, —OR⁵, and —CO₂R⁵; Each R⁵ is independently selected from —H and —C₁-C₆ alkyl; B is selected from the group consisting of

R⁶ is —C₁-C₆ alkyl; —C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl; 1-(C₁-C₃)alkylcyclopropyl; 1-benzylcyclopropyl; -tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxoide; -phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2 substituents selected from halo, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, —C₁-C₆ alkoxy, —C₁-C₆ carboalkoxy, —C₁-C₆ alkylamido, and N-[[(1-ethyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]carboxamido; or -heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, oxathiazolyl, oxathiazolyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, thienyl, and pyrazolylthienyl moieties unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2 substituents selected from halo, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, —C₁-C₂ perhaloalkyl, —C₁-C₆ alkoxy, —C₁-C₆ carboalkoxy, and —C₁-C₆ alkylamido.
 2. A compound of claim 1 wherein R¹ is phenyl substituted with 1-3 R⁴ and R² is hydrogen.
 3. A compound of claim 1 wherein R¹ is —(CH₂)₂-phenyl where phenyl is substituted with 1-3 R⁴, and R² is hydrogen.
 4. A compound of claim 1 wherein R⁶ is —C₁-C₆ alkyl or —C₃-C₇ cycloalkyl.
 5. A compound of claim 1 wherein R⁶ is phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2 substituents selected from halo, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, —C₁-C₆ alkoxy, —C₁-C₆ carboalkoxy, —C₁-C₆ alkylamido, and N-[[(1-ethyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]carboxamido.
 6. A compound of claim 1 wherein R⁶ is heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of thienyl, furanyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isoxazolyl, imidazolyl, oxathiazolyl, oxathiazolyl, benzofuranyl, indolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl, thienyl, and pyrazolylthienyl moieties unsubstituted or substituted with 1-2 substituents selected from halo, —C₁-C₆ alkyl, —C₁-C₂ perhaloalkyl, —C₁-C₆ alkoxy, —C₁-C₆ carboalkoxy, and —C₁-C₆ alkylamido.
 7. A compound of claim 6 wherein R⁶ is heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of 2-chlorothien-5-yl; 2-methylpyridin-6-yl; 2-acetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-5-yl; 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl; 1-methylimidazol-4-yl; 2,4-dimethyloxathiazol-5-yl; 6-ethoxybenzthiazol-2-yl; and 2-(1-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-thien-5-yl.
 8. A compound of claim 1 selected from the group consisting of 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-4-(toluene-4-sulfonylamino)-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 4-(5-Acetylamino-[1,3,4]thiadiazole-2-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 4-Cyclobutylmethanesulfonylamino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 4-Cyclohexanesulfonylamino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 4-Cyclopentanesulfonylamino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 4-Cyclopropanesulfonylamino-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 4-(3,5-Dimethyl-isoxazole-4-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 3-Hydroxy-4-(6-methyl-pyridine-2-sulfonylamino)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 4-(5-Chloro-thiophene-2-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 4-(4-Acetylamino-benzenesulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 4-(6-Ethoxy-benzothiazole-2-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 4-(2,4-Dimethyl-thiazole-5-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 3-Hydroxy-4-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonylamino)-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; N-(1-Ethyl-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl)-5-[3-[(4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-carbamoyl]-2-hydroxy-acryloylsulfamoyl]-2-methoxy-benzamide; 4-(1,1-Dioxo-tetrahydro-1λ⁶-thiophene-3-sulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 3-Hydroxy-4-[5-(1-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-thiophene-2-sulfonylamino]-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-4-(1-propyl-cyclopropanesulfonylamino)-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 4-(1-Cyclopropylmethyl-cyclopropanesulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 4-(1-Benzyl-cyclopropanesulfonylamino)-3-hydroxy-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (4-fluoro-3-methyl-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (2-isopropoxy-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (3-fluoro-4-methyl-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid[1-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl]-methoxy-amide; 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid (2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzyl)-methoxy-amide; 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid [1-(4-chloro-benzyl)-2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-ethyl]-methyl-amide; and 3-Hydroxy-4-methanesulfonylamino-4-oxo-but-2-enoic acid [3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-propyl]-methoxy-amide.
 9. A composition useful for treating HIV infections comprising a therapeutic amount of a compound of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
 10. A method of inhibiting HIV integrase comprising contacting a compound of claim 1 with HIV integrase.
 11. A method of inhibiting HIV viral DNA integration into human DNA comprising administering an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 to a cell infected with HIV.
 12. A method for treating HIV infection in a patient in need thereof, comprising the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising a therapeutically effective amount of one or more other HIV treatment agents selected from the following: (a) an HIV protease inhibitor, (b) a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, (c) a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, (d) an HIV-entry inhibitor, (e) an immunomodulator, (f) or a combination thereof. 